| Primary Indicators for Eye Dominance in all mammals are those which are done 
automatically - by the autonomous nervous system. These include stride length 
and step interval variations from left and right feet, and pitch angles for the 
two feet as a person walks. This differential way of walking causes there to be 
changes in the sizes and strength of leg muscles, such as those in the calf, and 
the thigh. Because the dominant side hand does fine motor coordination skills, 
the muscles on the bottom of the forearm are larger than those on the forearm of 
the non-dominant hand. These are characteristics that outside the control, 
largely of the conscious mind. If you badly injure the dominant hand, and it is 
in a cast for month, you may develop a certain facility to do fine motor skills 
with your non-dominant hand, and those muscles in the forearm of that hand will 
enlarge. But, as soon as the casts come off, and you can return to using your 
dominant hand for fine motor skills, you will switch back, and within a short 
time, the muscles of the dominant forearm will again be larger than those of the 
non-dominant hand. Secondary indicators for Eye Dominance are things that are 
true in general, but which can be changed by the conscious mind. Think of these 
easily and not so easily observed characteristics about people. 1. Most people part their hair on the dominant side. To part the hair, one 
looks in a mirror, and then lifts a comb or brush over the head, and brings it 
down to the scalp at the point where you want the part. This involves aiming, 
and actually aiming in reverse. You also then have to comb the hair in two 
directions to create the part. This involves fine motor coordination skills, and 
most people feel competent to do this only with their dominant hand. Women are 
more likely than men to change their part, based on fashion demand, or what they 
perceive is " there best side". But, we see more men doing the same thing these 
days.
 2. If a man is wearing a hat, he will pull the brim down so that it shades his 
dominant eye. If a sudden burst of light closes the pupil of his non-dominant 
eye, so that he cannot see an attack, he can still use his dominant eye to 
protect himself. The attack does not have to be a human assault. It can be tree 
branch, or an overhanging sign, or awning. By protecting the dominant eye from 
being put out of action by bright light, the brain protects itself from injuries 
to both the eyes and the head.
 
 3. Most people wear a wrist watch on their non-dominant wrist. Now that we have 
digital wrist watches, many left handed people are wearing them on their right 
wrists, and simply have the jeweler turn the dial 180 degrees to accommodate 
them. This could not be done when we had dial clock faces with stem winders.
 
 4. Most men carry their keys in their dominant hand pockets. Left handed people 
have to transfer the keys to their right hands to work locks, and ignitions in 
cars, because locks and doors are generally set up to work for right handed 
people.
 
 5. Most men carry a pocket knife in their non-dominant front pockets, if they 
have a knife at all. ( Sadly, I see fewer and fewer men, particularly 
professional men, with pocket knives. I don't know how they function day to day 
without one. ) If they are using a large folding knife in a case, it tends to be 
carried on the Dominant side on the belt, and if it is a large knife with a 
clip, if is often carried in the dominant side front pocket, so it can be 
grabbed and drawn quickly in defense, just as one would carry a handgun for that 
purpose. The large clip -type knives are usually made with some kind of device 
to allow the opening of the blade with one hand.
 
 6. Most right handed men will carry their wallets in their left rear pocket of 
their pants. Left handed men carry them in their right rear pocket. This allow 
the non-dominant hand to do the gross motor coordination skills of pulling the 
wallet out of the pocket, leaving the dominant hand to do the fine motor 
coordination skills of picking a paper bill out of the wallet. I have seen men 
break this rule of thumb, mostly because they feel more secure keeping their 
wallet in their dominant side front pocket.
 
 7. If you really have good eye, or the opportunity, right handed men tie their 
shoe laces and make a knot differently than do left handed men and women. You 
rarely are going to deal with women in a violent confrontation, although that 
seems to be changing for the worse each year these days, and even more rarely 
will women be wearing shoes with laces, unless it is an athletic or running 
shoe.
 
 Women rarely carry anything in their hip pockets, preferring to carry a driver's 
license, or some other ID in their front, dominant side pocket. In the rare case 
where a woman does carry ID in a back pocket, it will always be found on the 
dominant side of the body. Because women have extra padding on their backsides, 
but still like to wear tight fitting jeans and pants, there is rarely any room 
to carry something like a man's wallet back there.
 This is why they so often carry a purse to carry all their id, wallets, keys, 
and other necessities. Women are more likely to wear wrist watches, and expose 
their wrists to view than men, so you can get your cues about eye dominance from 
looking at her wrists.
 
 About the Blind: If a person was blind at birth, they tend to walk with even 
pitch angles, with their heads tilted forward, listening to their cane tap the 
ground in front of them. the step intervals tend to be the same, as do the 
stride lengths. If a person suffers blindness later in life, they will have 
developed the habit of walking with a differentiation between dominant side and 
non-dominant side, just as sighted people do. However, if they are using a cane, 
instead of having the assistance of another person, or even a guide dog, they 
will not be holding the head erect, and looking forward so that the brain can 
pretend he still has sight, and differentiate step intervals, stride lengths, 
and pitch angles. If he has to stoop over to hold onto the bar on the guide 
dog's back, it will affect his walk, and destroy the clues to eye dominance 
usually found in his footprints. And, depending on how his companion guides him, 
he may also change his gait patterns so that you can not use footprint evidence 
to determine eye dominance. Obviously then, tracking blind people will create a 
problem for identifying them based on various footprint characteristics, such as 
pitch angles. But, THEY ARE BLIND ! They are using a cane, ( leaving marks) , or 
a guide dog( leaving dog tracks right next to their own) or the tracks of a 
human companion walking very close to them! You don't need to have eye dominance 
evidence to identify the tracks of a blind person!
 
 Obviously, knowing how to recognize secondary, as well as primary dominance 
characteristics of people can be very useful for certain job, such as the 
police. Knowing at a glance which is the dominant hand will tell an officer 
which hand he wants to watch and where he wants to look during a search or pat 
down for any weapons, whether they be knives, guns, or other weapons. But even 
bare handed combat can cause an injury to officers, and even death. Knowing 
which is the dominant hand of a suspect at a glance can prepare the officer to 
defend himself in the event of an attack by the suspect, by allowing him to 
either place himself in a position where the suspect will be least effective 
trying to deliver a blow, or in a position where he can immediately block the 
blow, and control the suspect if he should attack. If you know from footprints 
that you are looking for a right eye dominant man, approximately 5' 11 " tall, 
weighing 180 lbs. wearing cowboy boots, and you meet such a sized man who has 
some connection with the events, and you can tell at a glance that he is right 
handed, and he is wearing cowboy boots, an officer is going to treat him with 
immediate suspicion and spend more time finding out if this is the man 
responsible for the crime. He is going to frisk him for weapons, verify his 
identification, and check out any alibi he might give, before allowing him to 
leave. Knowing how to read secondary dominance characteristics just may solve a 
case, or save an officer's life.
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